-Hans Memling 'vanity' (1485), mirror symbolises a double reflection. The mirror is placed in her hand to justify the act of looking. Popular interpretation in contemporary art and advertising.
Alexandre Cabanel 'Birth Of Venus' (1863)
-Virginal imagery
-Covering face and eyes, focus on her body therefore detracts the attention on her as a person.
Sophie Dahl for Opium
-Three quarters of image taken up by her body.
-Original image was too sexual to be shown in adverts.
-New advert changes composition of the image.
Titan's Venus of Urbino (1538)
-Woman portrays passive mood.
-Compares this to Manet 'Olympia' (1863)
-First look is very similar, attention to detail.
-Olympia is more intense and defensive whereas Titan's venus is more casual and soft.
-Compare and Contrast.
-Manet's painting implies a snapshot aesthetic.
Ingres 'Le Grand Odalisque' (1814)
Influenced a sexual poster, objectifying women by not showing face, only body.
Manet 'Bar at the Folies Bergeres' (1882)
-Mirror imagery used, a misty reflection of her back.
-Allows to see her from our perspective and from the male characters view.
-Mirrors implying a false social perception.
Jeff Wall 'Picture for women' (1979)
-Mimics the manets mirror image in a modern day light.
-Showing the studio and camera.
-The double perspective reminds us of the equipment that is taking the photo.
-The lights draw us back into the studio.
-Reminders of return of the gaze.
Coward R. (1984)
-Theories of the gaze.
-The camera in contemporary media has been put to use as an extension of the male gaze at the women on the streets.
-Goes seemingly unnoticed.
-Sunglasses imply woman cannot look back at the observers.
Eva Herzigover (1994)
-Realisation of nudity on the street.
'Hello boys' gives a light-hearted tone.
Coward R. (1984)
-The profusion of images which characterises contemporary society could be seen as an obsessive distancing of women...a form of voyeurism.
-Peeping Tom, 1960.
I'm in ur movies...Disruptin Ur male gaze'
-Broke down how women's bodies were portrayed in 50's and 60's films.
-Marilyn: The william Travillas dress.
-Cinema is perfect Voyeurism environment. You can see them but the cannot look back.
Lara Croft: Tomb Raider
-A visual spectacle to be consumed.
-An overly sexualised object.
-Pleasure is in the fantasy of her destruction.
Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Beheading Holofernes, (1960)
-Alternative female vision.
Cindy Sherman, 'Untitled film still no.6' (1977-79)
-Sherman has turned the image round, looking a face as well as body.
-Does not allow us to look unchallenged.
-Mirror is placed downwards, therefore not implying she has been caught in the moment.
-Staged photography.
-Effective in challenging the male gaze.
-Shows knowledge of art history within work.
Barbara Kruger 'Your gaze hits the side of my face' (1981)
-Turning away from the gaze.
-Implication of violence when using the word 'hit'.
-'I shop therefore I am' typography.
Sarah Lucas 'Eating a banana' (1990)
-Self consciousness, making something innocent, sexual.
-Gives an engaging look.
-Self portrait with Fried Eggs (1996)
Tracey Emin 'Money Photo' (2001)
-Image suggests it's vulgar to make money from your art.
Gaze in the media
-Amanda Knox case, implication that the woman is a witch.
-Photographs are misread. Published incorrect verdict.
-Social networking is used to perpetuate the male gaze/the gaze of the media.
-The body is broken into fragments-could be any female.
-Plays on teenagers body consciousness, potentially carrying those perceptions into adult life.
Susan Sontag (1979) 'On Photography'
-'To photograph is to appropriate the thing photographed'.
Paparazzi shot of Princess Diana.
Reality TV.
-Gives a false experience of voyeurism.
-The power of the gaze.
-Passive perception.
-Know how it works and is edited.
-Contestants aware of situation.
The Truman Show (1988) dir Peter Weir
-Everything in life is a staged event.
Big Brother
-Voyeurism becomes everyday.
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