COP2//Book Binding

Their are many ways to bind a book, the question is, which one will be most appropriate for the publication. 

Japanese book binding

This type of binding looks really different and adds something unique to the book. It can also be used on a variety of different stocks. However, if the book is going to be clinical and clean looking it may not fit in wit the concept and it is quite crafty. 

http://pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=binding

Hard back

In terms of aesthetics, this type of binding would suit the concept quite well as you cant actually see how it is done. However, this could be quite hard to do and quite expensive. 

http://pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=hard+back+book

Ring Binding

Ring binding would also offer the clean aesthetic and be easier to produce. It would also allow more movability to the pages if the stock is quit thick. Their are different kinds of ringbinding too which would offer more variation. 

http://pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=ring+bind

What is good//Button Boxes

Included within the pack is a button box. Here are some examples found. Most craft based hobbies are quite personal so the existing boxes appear to have personal touches. 

http://pinterest.com/pin/96405248242962565/

COP2//Process of UV

The idea is to use some kind invisible ink to reveal another more personal side to the theory of the practice. It has been considered to print the UV ink, but this may not give the desired aesthetic. Using a UV pen to drawn and write the content may be easier and communicate the concept better. 

www.aliexpress.com

Using a UV light like this one below is a much more appropriate size than a small one was it will allow the reader to scan the page in more depth. 

www.uvpaint.co.uk

What is good//Online Presence

Blogs

A blog is a good place to start to educate an audience on a craft based skill or product. If you are planning to sell a product or not, a blog is an informative way to get your products known. 

This french blog 'lovers of mint' that documents trends, crafts and lifestyle. It isn't necessarily got much text to it, but it shows links between each post. For example, when a product is documented it is linked to visual communication. It is helpful for visual inspiration. 

http://loversofmint.blogspot.fr/

In contrast to this, a more personal, step by step blog named 'did you make that' offers a realistic look into an individuals craft life. 

http://didyoumakethat.wordpress.com/

When creating a blog, the target audience, tone of voice and product need to be considered .

What is good//Digital fabric printing

Another way to print on to fabric is using a digital printer which would be easier, cheap and quicker. 

oecotextiles.wordpress.com

Here is an example of printed fabric and it being applied to a product. The quality produced is very good, as you can tell here, the colours printed are very vibrant. 

www.expandsystems.com

1.  Fabric

Fabric comes in many different properties such as natural fiber, synthetic, stretch, etc. Each fabric can be digitally printed and you have choices of ink that allow you to print on these fabrics. Many of our customers use natural fiber, non-coated fabrics with our NanoColorant Pigment ink because of how easy it is to fix after printing. However, some customers must use dye inks for their fabrics because of the desired color gamut and how the finished product will be used. Knowing your fabric helps define the printing solution.

2. Ink

The biggest question to address when it comes to digital textile printing is what ink to use, and the answer is determined by the desired fabric and use of the fabric.

• Pigment – Currently the ink we sell the most of is the NanoColorant pigment ink. This ink is similar to a pigment ink in that there is a pigment along with a binder system in the ink. The binder enables the ink to adhere to the fiber after fixation. There are 8 colors in the ink set including; Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, (true) Gray, Orange, Violet and Red. This ink set provides for a good color gamut, though the color gamut is not as wide as is possible with dye-based inks. This ink can also print onto the widest range of fabrics including cotton, silk, rayon, cotton/poly blends, and some polyester in a variety of weights. No pre-treatment is necessary on the fabric so you can purchase fabric from the open market.
• Dye Based Inks – There are 3 different types of dye based inks available to digital printers. See the chart below for a general description of what ink is used on different types of fabrics and the necessary finishing steps for each ink. The dye-based inks require the use of a fabric with a specific pre-treatment. Acid and Reactive inks require moist heat as in steaming for fixation. The dispersed dye inks require dry heat fixation. The advantage of the dye-based inks is the color gamut is wider. A general rule of thumb is that the same type of ink should be used digitally in an application that is printed by screen printing.

3. Printers

There are several types of printers in the market, but all of them can be placed into 1 of 4 classes based primarily on speed.

• Class 1 type printers generally run at speeds of 5 square yards per hour up to 15 square yards per hour, and they can use all four types of inks with Epson printheads. Only our MC3 has a roll type fabric handling system that can feed light weight and heavy-weight fabrics up to about 3mm in thickness. It can also run knits, as the fabric handling system can deal with stretch fabrics to some extent.
• Class 2 printers run at speeds of 20 square yards per hour up to 40 square yards per hour and typically have a sticky belt fabric handling system. Class II uses Epson printheads, so all ink types can be used in the printer.
• Class 3 printers run at speeds of 70 square yards per hour up to 400 square yards per hour using Kyocera printheads. At this time, reactive, acid, and dispersed dye are the 3 inks available. Ink manufacturers are developing and testing pigments with binders for the Kyocera print heads.
• Class 4 printer runs up to 70 meters per minute using a fixed array of Kyocera print heads.

http://www.expandsystems.com/how-digital-textile-printing-works

What is good//Fabric screen printing

As the cover of the instruction manual is going to be made out of fabric, research needs to be done to see how this can be done. 

Screen printing onto fabric

One option is to screen print the design onto the fabric. This may be quite a long way of doing it especially if there are multiple colours. If this is going to be done, the design will need to be kept quite simple. This wouldn't be an appropriate way to create a lot of the same product as it would be time consuming and expensive. 

stphilstextiles.blogspot.com

www.themakelounge.com

Here is a step by step guide on how to screen print onto fabric. 

1. Lay out your wooden frame onto your choice of fabric.
2. 2
   Staple your fabric very tightly to the frame -so tight, you think it is going to rip. Staple one of the corners first, stretch it, then staple the opposite corner. Go back to the first corner, stretch the fabric, and staple about one inch clockwise from the 1st staple you made. Go back to the opposite corner, stretch the fabric, and staple one inch clockwise next the the other staple. Keep doing this, going back and forth, and stretching every time, until you get all the way around the screen. What should happen is that you have to re-staple the first couple that you made because they are looser than the rest.
3. 3
   Spread your mixed-up emulsion onto the fabric very thinly in a completely dark room.(although some emulsions are safe to use in a low light/sunlight environment). The package should have directions on how to prepare the emulsion. Spread on both sides, make sure the whole thing is wet, with no spots missed. To see what you are doing, use a red photo-darkroom light.
4. 4
   Let it dry in a completely dark place overnight.
5. 5
   Spread the black paper all over the floor and put your screen on top, wood side down (with staples on top).
6. 6
   Tape your transparencies with clear tape to the dry surface of the screen.
7. 7
   Set up your lamp directly over the screen (distance according to directions), and turn the light on for however long it says in the directions.
8. 8
   Rinse your screen with very cold water. Let dry.
9. 9
   Lay your screen staple-side down on your fabric, put a line of paint on the screen, along one side, and with your squeegee, lay down a flood stroke using light pressure, the next pass should be firm with a smooth motion to press the ink through the screen onto the fabric.
10. 10
    Lift up the screen and you have an image on the fabric! let dry.
11. 11
    Iron the back side of the fabric for however long it says to on the paint container.
12. 12
    Wash the fabric.

http://www.wikihow.com/Do-Screen-Printing-on-Fabric

COP2//7 ways to make invisible ink

Here are numerous ways in which invisible ink can be made. 

Invisible ink is the stuff of romantic legend. Spies and clandestine lovers alike have used it for centuries to convey hidden messages to their partners. Although invisible ink is still used today for these purposes, it has taken on many more practical and fascinating roles in recent years.

Hundreds of liquids, from fruit juices to specially formulated chemicals, can be used as invisible ink. Here we explore six of the most interesting and accessible types. We hope you’ll be inspired to make your own invisible ink at home. With a bit of practice, you too can become a master of steganography (which is the art of writing hidden messages, in case you didn’t know that already!)

1.Lemon Juice
Lemon juice is a great example of a ‘heat-fixed’ invisible ink. An invisible lemon juice message, scrawled onto a piece of paper, can be developed by exposure to any heat source such as a radiator, an iron or a 100W light bulb.

Many acidic household liquids (Coca Cola, wine, apple, orange and onion juice included) behave in quite the same way, as do a number of bodily fluids. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, people frequently sent postcards containing hidden messages written in saliva and even urine.

Equipment & ingredients: you’ll find them in most local grocers

Suitable for: anyone

Ease of use: really easy

2.Vinegar


Image: Boris Legradic

Vinegar is another household liquid that can be used as an invisible ink. Unlike lemon juice, messages written in vinegar are best developed by a chemical reaction. Red cabbage, which contains a pigment called flavin (an anthocyanin), can be used in solution to develop vinegar and other strong acids. Red cabbage solution turns a vinegar message dark red.

Equipment & ingredients: ubiquitous

Ideal for: anyone wanting to hide a message

Ease of use: simple

3.Cerium Oxalate


In 2006, two researchers from Michigan State University finally discovered the secret behind the Stasi’s invisible ink. The Stasi would sandwich a piece of material impregnated with cerium oxalate between two sheets of paper, writing on the top sheet to transfer a chemical message onto the sheet below. A solution of manganese sulphate, hydrogen peroxide and other chemicals could then be used to develop the message, turning it orange.

During World War II, numerous chemicals were used as invisible inks: copper sulphate, developed with sodium iodide; iron sulphate, developed with sodium carbonate; and sodium chloride (common table salt), developed with silver nitrate, were some of the more common. The search of one Nazi spy’s hotel room uncovered several large and unusual looking keys, which turned out to be invisible ink writing implements, with hidden nibs and chambers for ink.

Equipment & ingredients: access to a lab would help

Ideal for: anyone wanting to hide sensitive information

Ease of use: time consuming

4.UV


Specially formulated UV inks are invisible in daylight, but glow under UV light sources. UV pens filled with such inks are used to mark items in case of theft, products in manufacturing and hands or tickets for readmission to events, particularly at nightclubs.

Many common substances, from laundry detergents to soap and bodily fluids, can be used as crude invisible inks, as they fluoresce under UV light. Photocopiers can be used to develop messages written in these inks, due to the UV components in their scanner heads.

Equipment & ingredients: easy to pick up UV lights and pens

Ideal for: hiding information at school or work

Ease of use: simple and reliable


5.Printer Ink


Invisible UV ink is also available for use in printer cartridges and is used for printing information onto business forms, so as not to clutter the visible content. The United States Postal Service also uses UV ink to print barcodes and routing information onto mailed envelopes.

By following the instructional video above, you can make your own makeshift invisible inkjet printer cartridge with just an ordinary inkjet cartridge, four invisible ink pens and a syringe. One little tip: make sure you wear gloves!

Equipment & ingredients: easily sourced from most electronics stores

Ideal for: home and office use

Ease of use: ridiculously

6. Pure Distilled Water


When there’s nothing else around, even water can be used as invisible ink. Writing a message in water disturbs the surface fibres on a piece of paper. Such a message can then be developed using the fumes from heated iodine crystals. The marks made by the water turn brown, as iodine particles stick more readily to disturbed areas. This method is not perfect however, as exposure to direct sunlight or bleach can erase your message completely.



7. Disappearing Ink


Disappearing ink is unlike any other ink in this list: it begins visible, but soon disappears. The normally colourless thymolphthalein, which turns blue when mixed with the base sodium hydroxide, is a great example. Over time, the base reacts with carbon dioxide in the air and its pH drops. Once it ceases to be a base, the blue colour disappears. Ink like this is used by events managers on non-reusable passes – and by practical jokers in their water pistols!

Equipment & ingredients: thymolphthalein may be tricky to source

Ideal for: good for using on single-use, time-sensitive identity cards

Ease of use: once setup, it’s easy

http://www.cartridgesave.co.uk/news/7-amazing-types-of-invisible-ink-how-you-can-use-them/

COP 2//Front cover

Here is the starting point to designing the front cover. The book is going to be in a square format (14cm x 14cm) this is because the design on the front needs to fit this specification for it work effectively.  

Using illustrator and the guides tool, a square outline was created. 

Using the type tool, a letter was placed in each square from the top left corner to the bottom right. 

The default 's' was replaced with the word schizophrenia, so this will read diagonally. This word is going needs to be quite bold and bigger than the other text. 

Using the 'o' from the schizophrenia, the phrase 'can you spot it?' was inserted horizontally. This poses a question relavent to the subject matter. 

After removing the guides and grid background, this is what the cover would look like so far. The 'Can you spot it?' has been highlighted in green on purpose and this shows it would actually be written in uv ink. So that when the uv light is shone over the book cover, this question would appear. 

Here shows how the kerning and placement with the type was laid out. As the front cover is going to be type based, it is important to consider hierarchies and legibility. 

As more and more letters start to fill this grid layout, it becomes obvious that it communicating a word search, highlighting the word 'Schizophrenia' and the phrase 'Can you spot it?'. 

This is what it would look like without the guides. As you can see the type in the background is much smaller and less intense to help the key text stand out. 

COP2//Invisible ink

How to make your own invisible ink

This is one way that invisible ink could be made. Here is a step to step guide and video tutorial. 

http://blog.makezine.com/projects/invisible-ink-printer/

COP2//Freud on Psychoanalysis

Schizophrenia is linked to Freud's theory of Psychoanalysis. 
Psychoanalysis is a psychological and psychotherapeutic theory founded in the late 19th century by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. 

Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1916-1917).  Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious theirunconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining “insight”.

The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious. 

Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.

It is only having a cathartic (i.e. healing) experience can the person be helped and "cured".

http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html

What is Psychoanalysis?

Psychoanalysis is the name given to the theory of mind developed originally by Sigmund Freud, a theory which has had and continues to have an enormous impact on culture and intellectual life. Although there has been considerable development in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis since Freud’s day, certain key ideas have retained their place and vitality within the theory.

These include:

• the discovery that there are large aspects of our psychological functioning which, though having a profound determining effect upon us, are largely hidden, that is, they are unconscious
• the recognition of the ubiquity of unconscious conflict
• the understanding that when human beings become involved in relationships with others, they bring to those relationships ‘templates’ derived from early childhood situations and transfer them into the current situation, that is they form transferences
• the recognition of the centrality of sexuality and aggression in mental life and that important aspects of this are laid down in childhood
• 
  

http://www.psychoanalysis.org.uk/about_psa.htm

COP 2//Freud's Theories

www.lowdensitylifestyle.com

Sigmund Freud had theories and thoughts on the development of schizophrenia. 

Freud thought he understood the nature of schizophrenia. It is not a brain disorder, but a disturbance in the unconscious caused by unresolved feelings of homosexuality. However, he maintained that psychoanalysis would not work with schizophrenics because such patients ignore their therapist's insights and are resistant to treatment (Dolnick 1998: 40). Later psychoanalysts would claim, with equal certainty and equal lack of scientific evidence, that schizophrenia is caused by smothering mothering. In 1948, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, for example, gave birth to the term "schizophrenogenic mother," the mother whose bad mothering causes her child to become schizophrenic (ibid. 94). Other analysts before her had supported the notion with anecdotes and intuitions, and over the next twenty years many more would follow her misguided lead.

http://skepdic.com/psychoan.html

The psychodynamic view of schizophrenia

The psychodynamic approach views schizophrenia as the result of the disintegration of the ego. It 

is the ego’s job to keep control of the id’s impulses and strike a compromise between the demands 

of the id and the moral restrictions of the superego. According to the Freudians, some types of 

abnormal upbringing (particularly if there is a cold, rejecting ‘schizogenic’ mother) can result in a 

weak and fragile ego, whose ability to contain the id’s desires is limited. This can lead to the ego 

being ‘broken apart’ by its attempt to contain the id, leaving the id in overall control of the psyche. 

If this happens, the person loses contact with reality as they can no longer distinguish between 

themselves and others, their desires and fantasies and reality (you need an ego to be able to do 

this). They regress to a state of ‘primary narcissism’ little different from that of a newborn infant, 

dominated by their animal instincts, incapable of organizing their own behaviour and hallucinating as 

a result of their basic inability to distinguish between their imaginations and reality. 

The psychodynamic view is not highly regarded any more, for several reasons. The development of 

effective antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s and 1960s gave the biological view of schizophrenia a 

boost from which the psychological theories have never really recovered. As mainstream 

psychology turned away from Freud’s tripartite model of the psyche under the influence first of 

behaviourism and then of the cognitivists psychodynamic theories generally fell from favour. 

Research showed that the mother’s personality was not a reliable predictor of mental illness and the 

schizogenic mother approach came to be regarded as an embarrassing, sexist holdover from a less 

enlightened time (although much research continues to implicate a disturbed upbringing as a risk in 

schizophrenia onset and relapse). Finally, the apparent failure of psychodynamic therapies 

successfully to treat psychotic patients led to the abandonment of this approach by all by the most committed psychodynamicists.